UniVOE: A Removal-Driven Framework for
Interaction-Aware Universal Video Object Editing

Abstract

Video object removal and injection are reciprocal editing operations between object-present and object-absent video states, yet they differ substantially in training difficulty. Removal can be effectively bootstrapped from video inpainting and further adapted to erase object-related interaction effects. Injection, however, requires large-scale paired supervision to model object appearance, dynamics, and scene-dependent effects, while perfectly aligned real-world pairs are difficult to collect and synthetic data lacks sufficient realism and diversity. To address this challenge, we present UniVOE, a removal-driven framework for training both video object removal and injection models. We first train an effect-aware remover by transferring video inpainting priors and finetuning on object-present/object-absent pairs. The trained remover converts real object-present videos into object-absent counterparts, creating large-scale paired supervision for injection. An injection model is trained on these pairs in the reverse direction to recover objects together with their dynamics and interaction effects. Moreover, since pixel-level reconstruction alone cannot adequately capture perceptual realism, we introduce a reward-based post-training method that aligns injection results with human preferences using a proprietary reward model. Experiments against strong open-source and commercial systems demonstrate that UniVOE achieves state-of-the-art performance on both object removal and injection, particularly in challenging interaction-effect cases.

Citation

@article{yang2026univoe,
  title   = {UniVOE: A Removal-Driven Framework for Interaction-Aware Universal Video Object Editing},
  author  = {Yang, Shuzhou and Guo, Lanqing and Li, Lingen and Li, Weiqi and Zhong, Zhao and Bo, Liefeng and Zhang, Jian},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2610.31641},
  year    = {2026}
}